Successful Management of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in an HIV/AIDS Patient: A Therapeutic Case Report

Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare and devastating opportunistic infection caused by JC virus reactivation, typically carries a poor prognosis in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with HIV.

Aim: To report a remarkable case of full recovery in an HIV-positive patient with PML and highlight the significance of prompt recognition, diagnosis, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).

Case Summary: A 34-year-old HIV-positive male presented with progressive disturbances of consciousness and movement. MRI revealed multifocal white matter lesions, and JC virus DNA was detected in cerebrospinal fluid. Despite initial deterioration, the patient achieved full recovery with cART.

Conclusion: This exceptional outcome emphasizes the critical importance of vigilant monitoring, prompt diagnosis, and effective management strategies for PML in HIV patients, highlighting the potential for full recovery with optimal cART.