Exploring the Socio-economic Factors and Challenges Affecting Rural Neem Seed Collectors

The neem tree (Azadirachta indica), frequently called a "miracle tree," possesses significant commercial and medicinal value. It is extensively grown in India, particularly in states such as Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka. Various components of the tree, including its seeds, oil, and leaves, are essential for the production of pesticides, medicinal products, and inputs for organic agriculture. Despite its potential, the neem industry in India remains largely untapped, with only a minor portion of its capabilities being utilized. The sustainable harvesting of neem seeds is vital for the health of neem trees and the assurance of long-term yields, yet it encounters numerous challenges. This study aims to explore the socio-economic conditions of neem seed collectors, assess their challenges, and investigate their collection practices. This research was conducted in Singampunari, Thiruppathur, Devakottai and Karaikudi within the Sivagangai district of Tamil Nadu. Data was gathered through personal interviews with 160 participants, employing percentage analysis and Garret Ranking methods. The findings revealed that most neem seed collectors were middle-aged (46-60 years) and had limited formal education. The primary occupation among these collectors was farming, especially in Devakkottai and Thiruppathur, while Singampunari had a notable number of business owners. A majority of collectors sourced seeds in proximity to their residences, with a significant portion possessing 4-6 years of experience. Major challenges identified included the labour-intensive nature of the collection process, the considerable distances travelled, and health-related concerns. The study highlights the necessity for improved infrastructure, training, and support to enhance the neem seed collection process, thereby uplifting the livelihoods of rural communities and fostering environmental sustainability.