An Overview on Biofuels: Advantages and Disadvantages

From the viewpoint of biofuels, the pressing issue of climate change highlights the importance of transitioning away from fossil fuels. The combustion of fossil fuels is a major driver of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, which significantly contribute to global warming. In this context, biofuels appear as a promising substitute, capable of meeting energy demands while helping to lessen air pollution. As fossil fuel assets become increasingly exhausted, the need to adopt biofuels grows more urgent. They offer a sustainable solution derived from renewable biomass sources—such as wood, vegetable oils, agricultural residues, municipal waste, animal waste, and aquatic plants. This diverse range of feedstocks permits flexibility and resilience in energy production.

However, it is essential to diagnose that rising demand for biofuels can create challenges, particularly regarding agricultural land and food prices. Balancing biofuel production with food safety is critical to confirm that the transition does not negatively impact global food systems.

This review explores various types of biofuels, including biodiesel, and provides a comparative analysis of their production methods, applications, and environmental impacts. By highlighting these features, we can better understand the role of biofuels in generating a sustainable energy future.