Study of Clinical Profile and Microbiology of Community- Acquired Pneumonia

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the patterns of etiological agents, predisposing factors, radiological presentations, and bacteriological etiologies of Community- Acquired Pneumonia (CAP). The primary objective was to study the prevalence of CAP, while the secondary objective was to explore its association with age, sex, comorbidities, risk factors and causative organisms.

Study Design: Prospective observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, from December 1, 2022, to November 30, 2023.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) Considered as one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the elderly. Diagnosis relies on clinical, radiological, and microbiological assessments. The study aims to provide insight into the clinical and microbiological profiles of CAP in a developing country setting.

Methodology: 72 patients aged over 12 years, presenting with clinical and radiological evidence of CAP, were enrolled. Standard investigations included complete blood count, biochemistry, sputum Gram stain and culture, blood culture, BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel, chest X-ray, and CT scan. The BioFire Panel was used selectively due to cost considerations. Data analysis employed statistical methods such as the Chi-Square test, Mean, Standard Deviation, Fischer Exact test, and Odds Ratio.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 59.93 years, with a male predominance (61%). Fever, dyspnea, and cough were the predominant symptoms. Common comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes, and chronic lung diseases. Microbiological analysis revealed diverse pathogens, with gram-positive cocci in 17% and gram-negative bacilli in 11% of cases. Sputum culture and BioFire Panel identified various bacterial and viral pathogens. Prior antibiotic use significantly affected sputum culture results but not BioFire test outcomes.

Conclusion: CAP in the studied cohort presented with diverse clinical and microbiological profiles. The BioFire Panel demonstrated higher sensitivity and a broader pathogen detection range compared to conventional methods. The findings emphasize the need for precise diagnostic tools and tailored treatment strategies to manage CAP effectively.