The Study of Correlation of Incidence, Severity of Renal, Cardiovascular Complications with Duration, Severity of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder of the endocrine characterised by hyperglycaemia which results from variable degrees of insulin resistance and insulin deficiency.Chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetes may lead to multi organ damage resulting in renal, cardiovascular and other complications.In our study, we aim to look for correlation between the degree of glycemic control, duration of type 2 DM, incidence, severity of renal, cardiovascular complications in type 2 DM patients.

The objective of our study is to analyse the correlation between glycemic control and occurrence of cardiovascular, renal complications in type 2 DM patients.

Materials and Methods: 50 type 2 DM patients were selected from the Medicine outpatient of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital from January 2021 to March 2021.The study was explained and informed consent was obtained. Ethical committee clearance was obtained.The duration of the disease, regularity of treatment are recorded, serum HbA1c was done to evaluate the degree of glycemic control.Renal function tests like estimation of urea and creatinine are done to look for renal complications. Echocardiogram was done to evaluate the cardiac status of the patient.

Expected Outcome: We expect a direct correlation between the severity of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia, duration of the disease with the incidence of renal and cardiovascular complications.

Results: 50 patients who were selected for the study having type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, were made into two groups - people with uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c >7.5%) were more prone in developing renal and cardiac complications which were assessed by urea, creatinine, urine protein levels and ejection fraction (EF %) values.

The significant cut off values to cause complications were taken as for urea (>40mg/dl), creatinine (>1mg/dl), urine protein (+/++/+++), EF value(>50%) and the presence/absence of regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) was noted.

It was also observed that longer age duration of the disease, more was the risk to develop cardiac complications than disease of shorter duration.

Hence a poor control of hyperglycaemia made the subject prone to renal and cardiovascular complications.

Conclusion: We arrive at a direct correlation between the severity and extent of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia with the incidence of severity and complications in the form of nephropathy and cardiac dysfunction.